Research and Innovation in Food Science and Technology (JRIFST)

In this study, the effect of four hydrocolloids (guar gum, xanthan gum, carboxylmethylcellulose, and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose), in three concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1 % w/w) as bread improvers, on staling rate of Barbari bread was investigated. Bread staling was studied at first, third and fifth days of storage. Samples containing hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) and carboxylmethylcellulose (CMC) showed lower loss of moisture content. Using HPMC 0.5% in fresh bread led to a softest crumb. Two days post-baking, CMC was more effective than the other three hydrocolloids, but in a longer duration of storage, HPMC showed better results. Adding hydrocolloids led to more Water Soluble Starch (WSS) in both fresh and stored bread. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed that added hydrocolloids breed improvement in thermal parameters. The antistaling effect of hydrocolloids might be due to their interaction with other bread constituents. Amongst all hydrocolloids, cellulose derivatives are more influential.

Generally speaking, the beneficial effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on health and prevention of diseases have already been demonstrated. However, there is still a gap between the practical consumption of oily fish and the recommended daily intake of PUFAs. As a result, it seems that a rational approach to achieve the needed value is the enrichment of food products where this process may have a significant effect on their tastes. Therefore, in this research the capability of ultrasound (intensity up to 100%) for enrichment of Doogh with PUFAs as well as its influence on rheological and sensorial properties were evaluated. Our results showed that ultrasound was able to homogenize and stabilize ω-3 fatty acid enriched Doogh. Furthermore, the highest sensorial acceptability was seen in Doogh containing 0.25% fish oil. In addition, the most appropriate rheological model for samples containing up to 1% fish oil without thermal treatment and one with thermal pasteurization were Power law and Sisco models, respectively.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of sulfur dioxide release sheets on the basis of acetate cellulose film to control the growth of molds, especially botrytis cinerea, during the storage period of kiwifruit. For this purpose, the storage of kiwifruit inoculated with botrytis cinerea in the presence of one and dual sulfur dioxide releasing sheets (containing 30 and 50% metabisulfit salts, respectively) on the acetate cellulose bed was investigated. After 15 days of storage (9 days in cold store and 7 days in ambient temperature), the least bursting and crushing (4.5%) was obtained in the presence of single-stage sheets that were placed on the surface and bottom of the packages. Also, in the ninth day, mold was not observed in the 60% of packages in the presence of sulfur dioxide releasing sheets. On the 15th day, the amount of total sugar, acidity, firmness, residual sulfur, and soluble solids in packaged kiwis in the presence of two dual releasing sheets placed on the surface and bottom of packages were, respectively, 9.9 g/100 g, 1.09%, 4.75 N, 0.24 mg/g and 12.21%. In general, it can be said that sulfur dioxide releasing sheets have an effective function on cold storage in increasing the shelf life of fruits, especially fruits that are attacked by gray mold.

jmilany@yahoo.com (‫ﭼﮑﯿﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﺘﯿـﻞ‬ ‫ﮐﺮﺑﻮﮐﺴـﯽ‬ ،‫ﮔﺰاﻧﺘـﺎن‬ ،‫ﮔـﻮار‬ ‫)ﺻﻤﻎ‬ ‫ﻫﯿﺪروﮐﻠﻮﺋﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎر‬ ‫ًﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ،‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬) ‫ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ‬ CMC) ‫ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﭘﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﯿﺪروﮐﺴﯽ‬ ‫و‬ (HPMC () ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻪ‬ ‫در‬ 1 / 0 ، 5 / 0 ‫و‬ 1 ‫ﻣـﻮرد‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺑـﺮي‬ ‫ﻧـﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ،‫ﻧﺎن‬ ‫دﻫﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ((‫وزﻧﯽ‬ / ‫)وزﻧﯽ‬ % ‫ﺑﺮﺑـ‬ ‫ﻧـﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ .‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﭘـﻨﺠﻢ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳـﻮم‬ ،‫اول‬ ‫روز‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺮي‬ ‫ﺣﺎوي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬ .‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري‬ HPMC ‫و‬ CMC ‫ﮐﻤﺘـﺮي‬ ‫رﻃﻮﺑـﺖ‬ ‫اﻓﺖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ .‫دادﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ HPMC ‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ 5 / 0 ‫ﻧـﺮم‬ ‫اﯾﺠـﺎد‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺎزه‬ ‫ﻧﺎن‬ ‫در‬ % ،‫ﭘﺨـﺖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫روز‬ ‫دو‬ .‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫دﯾﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺰ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬ CMC ‫ﺳـﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﺛﺮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮ‬ ‫دﯾﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﯿﺪروﮐﻠﻮﺋﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﻬـﺪاري‬ ‫ﻣـﺪت‬ ‫در‬ ‫وﻟـﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺮد‬ ‫اﯾﺠﺎد‬ ‫ﺗﺮي‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫ﻧﺎن‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽ‬ HPMC ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺠـﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﯿﺪروﮐﻠﻮﺋﯿـﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻓـﺰودن‬ .‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸـﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬) ‫آب‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮل‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﺳﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻆ‬ WSS ‫ﺷـﺪه‬ ‫ﻧﮕﻬـﺪاري‬ ‫ﻧـﺎن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗـﺎزه‬ ‫ﻧـﺎن‬ ‫در‬ () ‫ﺗﻔﺎﺿـﻠﯽ‬ ‫روﺑﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻟﺮﯾﻤﺘﺮي‬ ‫آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ .‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ DSC ‫ﮐـﻪ‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸـﺎن‬ (‫ﻫﯿﺪرو‬ ‫اﻓﺰودن‬ ‫ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﮐﻠﻮﺋﯿﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺮارﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯿـﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﺿـﺪ‬ ‫اﺛـﺮ‬ .‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻓﯿـﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧـﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒـﺎت‬ ‫دﯾﮕـﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫دﻟﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﮑﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﯿﺪروﮐﻠﻮﺋﯿﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫در‬ .‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻي‬ ‫ﻣﺸـﺘﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ‬ ‫ﻣـﻮرد‬ ‫ﻫﯿﺪروﮐﻠﻮﺋﯿﺪﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫اﻧﺪاﺧﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺧﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰي‬ ‫آﻣـﺎ‬ ‫آﻧـﺎﻟﯿﺰ‬ .‫ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻃـﺮح‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟـﺐ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ري‬ .‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ‬ ً ‫ﮐﺎﻣﻼ‬ :‫درﯾﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ‬ 8 / 8 / 90 :‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮش‬ ‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ‬ 20 / 10 / 90 ‫ﮐﻠﯿﺪي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫واژه‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﮐﺮﺑﻮﮐﺴﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﻮار‬ ‫ﮔﺰاﻧﺘﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺑﺮي‬ ‫ﻧﺎن‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﭘﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﯿﺪروﮐﺴﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎن‬ ‫ﺧـﺎﻧﻮاده‬ ‫اﮐﺜـﺮ‬ ‫ﻏـﺬاﯾﯽ‬ ‫رژﯾﻢ‬ ‫اﻋﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎي‬ ‫اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻣﺼـﺮف‬ ‫ﭘـﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯾﮑـﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺑﺮي‬ ‫و‬ ‫دﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬-‫اﯾﺮان‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي‬ ‫اﮐﺜﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬) Faridi et al., 1981